Articles: Academic

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    When Few Stood against Many:Explaining Executive Outcomes’ Victory in the Sierra Leonean Civil War.

    When Few Stood against Many: Explaining Executive Outcomes’ Victory in the Sierra Leonean Civil War Authors Fitzsimmons, Scott1 (AUTHOR) sfitzsimmons@shaw.ca Source Defence Studies. Jun2013, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p245-269. 25p. Document… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

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    The Wagner Group in Africa: Russia’s Quasi-State Agent of Influence.

    The Wagner Group in Africa: Russia’s Quasi-State Agent of Influence Authors Pokalova, Elena1 (AUTHOR) elena.pokalova@gmail.com Source Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2026, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p259-281. 23p. Document Type Article… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

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    The Reluctant Mercenary: Vulnerability and the ‘Whores of War’

    Mercenaries are the target of moral condemnation far more often than they are subject of moral concern. One attempt at morally condemning mercenaries proceeds by analogy with prostitutes; mercenaries are ‘the whores of war’. This analogy is unconvincing as a way of condemning mercenaries. However, careful comparison of mercenarism and prostitution suggests that, like many prostitutes, some mercenaries may be vulnerable individuals. If apt, this comparison imposes a consistency requirement: if one thinks certain prostitutes are appropriate subjects of moral concern in light of their vulnerability, then one must think that mercenaries who are likewise vulnerable are also appropriate subjects of moral concern. In this paper I elucidate the relevant, morally significant sense of ‘vulnerability’, and present evidence suggesting that at least some mercenaries are vulnerable in this sense. Continue reading →

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    Plausibly deniable: mercenaries in US covert interventions during the Cold War, 1964–1987

    Plausibly deniable: mercenaries in US covert interventions during the Cold War, 1964–1987 Authors Voß, Klaas1 (AUTHOR) klaas.voss@his-online.de Source Cold War History. Feb2016, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p37-60. 24p. Document Type Article… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

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    Mitigating the Risks of Imported Soldiery: Britain, Dhofaris, and the Early Military of the Emirates.

    Mitigating the Risks of Imported Soldiery: Britain, Dhofaris, and the Early Military of the Emirates Authors Yates, Athol1 (AUTHOR) athol.yates@ku.ac.ae Rossiter, Ash1 (AUTHOR) Source Armed Forces & Society (Sage Publications Inc.).… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

    Posted in Academic, Mercenaries, UAE, UK | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

    Phantom state in Haiti: criminal sovereignty and the mercenary remedy.

    Phantom state in Haiti: criminal sovereignty and the mercenary remedy. Authors Niño, César1 (AUTHOR) cnino@unisalle.edu.co González, Camilo1,2 (AUTHOR) manuelc.gonzalez@usa.edu.co Source Trends in Organized Crime. Sep2025, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p314-333. 20p.… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

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    Humanitarian aid, private security, and the international law obligations on the occupying power: a commentary on the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation

    Humanitarian aid, private security, and the international law obligations on the occupying power: a commentary on the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation Shannon Bosch Journal of Conflict and Security Law, krag019, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krag019 Published:… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

    Posted in Academic, Human Rights, Israel, Legal, Middle East, Outsourcing/Privatization | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment

    From Corsairs to Private Military Contractors. Nonmilitary Maritime Actors and the Historical Continuities of Naval Warfare

    From Corsairs to Private Military Contractors. Nonmilitary Maritime Actors and the Historical Continuities of Naval Warfare Memos| Date de publication 26/08/2026 Pieter ZHAO Image de couverture de la publication Download .pdf… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

    Posted in Academic, Maritime, Outsourcing/Privatization | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

    Russian Geo-Strategic and Economic Interests and Wagner Group’s Deployment in Libyan and Syrian Conflicts

    Russian Geo-Strategic and Economic Interests and Wagner Group’s Deployment in Libyan and Syrian Conflicts Authors:  Chibike David Obi; Frank-Collins Nnamdi Okafor; Onyebuchi Johnpaul Nduba Author Keywords: Russia, Wagner Group, Libyan conflicts,… You must be logged in to view this content. … Continue reading →

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    Deconstructing Plausible Deniability and Attributing Responsibility for the Conduct of Private Military Companies

    The analysis focuses on two primary legal avenues: state attribution under the International Law Commission’s (ILC) Articles on State Responsibility (ARSIWA) and corporate criminal liability. It demonstrates that these legal frameworks are fraught with difficulties, including a deep jurisprudential divide between the ICJ and ICTY on attribution standards and significant procedural hurdles for corporate prosecution. The Wagner Group serves as a case study. This study concludes that the core problem is not a legal vacuum, but rather a “compliance vacuum,” where states deliberately avoid their obligations. Overcoming this will require a more robust application of the law. Continue reading →

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